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2008: International Year of Sanitation

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WaterAid fully welcomes the opportunities the UN's International Year of Sanitation raises for highlighting the urgent need for action to reduce the number of poor people living without this vital basic service.

Sanitation is in crisis.  Roughly 2.6 billion people - 40 percent of the world's population - dispose of their excreta unsafely, usually in public spaces. 

Poor sanitation has devastating impacts on: 

Health
A child dies every 20 seconds as a result of sanitation-related diarrheal diseases.  Millions more adults and children are too sick to work or attend school. 

The economy
Water and sanitation related diseases have an economic cost of at least $38 billion per year.  Spending on sanitation reaps returns on investment in the region of nine to one.   

The environment
Untreated human excreta pollute urban and rural environments, reduce oxygen levels in rivers so that plant and animal life dies and cause sewage to build up along coastal fringes. 

Dignity
Communities without toilets live surrounded by stinking raw sewage, and face the embarrassment of having to use public spaces as toilets. 

Women
Some women wait all day until they are able to go to the toilet under the cover of darkness.  Many girls drop out of schools without toilets when they reach puberty. Mothers bear the brunt of caregiving for their children sick with diarrheal diseases.      

WaterAid reports on sanitation

Tacking the silent killer: The case for sanitation (Adobe Acrobat Document PDF 1MB) Explores how poor sanitation may be the biggest cause of child mortality worldwide.

Sanitation_in_crisis (Adobe Acrobat Document PDF File 303K) Summarizes the impact of poor sanitation and explores links to each of the Millennium Development Goals.

Sanitation issue sheet (PDF File PDF File 438K) Explains the context of WaterAid's sanitation programs across Africa and Asia.

Sanitation_and_economic_development (Adobe Acrobat Document PDF File 743K) Explores the impact sanitation has on economic growth.

US Government_Spending on Water and Sanitation (Adobe Acrobat Document PDF file 92K)WaterAid America and the Natural Resource Defense Council's analysis of the US State Department's annual report to Congress as required by the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005.  

Sanitation news


Links

The International Year of Sanitation website

AfriSan 2008 - Second African Conference on Sanitation & Hygiene

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for water supply and sanitation

Tackling the crisis
Child in sewage in Tana - Mad1 67

Barriers to the expansion of sanitation include lack of political will, lack of demand from communities themselves, lack of knowledge on low-cost sanitation solutions and poor female representation in decision-making.

WaterAid works to dismantle each of these barriers.  We implement the solutions ourselves in our fieldwork delivering sanitation, clean water and hygiene education to poor communities in 17 of the world's poorest countries.
 
We also advocate for others to adopt pro-poor policies that prioritize sanitation. 

Our approach emphasizes building awareness of the impact poor sanitation has on health, education and livelihoods.  This knowledge is crucial in building motivation amongst communities, donors and government to give sanitation the priority it so desperately needs.

Read more about WaterAid's sanitation work.

Read personal stories of people who have benefited from sanitation.

Factfile
At any one time, 1.5 billion people suffer from parasitic worm infections stemming from human excreta and solid wastes in the environment.

Children in developing countries commonly carry up to 1,000 hookworms, roundworms and whipworms at a time causing anemia, stunted growth and other debilitating conditions.

One gram of feces can contain: 10,000,000 viruses, 1,000,000 bacteria, 1,000 parasite cysts and 100 parasite eggs.

The simple act of washing hands with soap and water after going to the toilet can reduce diarrheal diseases by over 40%.